Any Lunar Month has two halves:
- Bright
Half (Shukla Paksha)= 14 or 15 days time between New Moon to Full Moon = When Moon moves
to go away from Sun by 180o and gains brightness to become fully
bright finally.
- Dark
Half (Krishna Paksha) = 14 or 15 days time between Full Moon to New Moon = when Moon moves
to cover the 180o gap between himself and Sun to finally become
completely dark on meting the Sun
So
in both the Bright Half and in the Dark Half, Moon moves 180o in
relation to the moving Sun (as seen by us from the Earth).
Every
Half of a Lunar Month is therefore the time (of around 14 or 15 days)
in which Moon moves 180o in relation to Sun.
We divide this 180o
movement of Moon in each half of a Lunar Month into 15 equal parts in terms of the
angle moved by Moon in relation to the Sun. Each part defines a Tithi.
Therefore,
1
tithi = 180o/15 = 12o of Moon's movement either away from Sun or
towards the Sun.
Thus,
- The
1st
Tithi of the Bright Half = time during which Moon moves from the
exact New Moon state to become 12o away from Sun. When Moon reaches
the 12o distance from Sun , the 1st
Tithi of the bright half is completed and from that very moment the
2nd
Tithi of the Bright Half begins.
- The
2nd
Tithi of Bright half = time during whhich Moon is moving from being
12o away from Sun to reaching the distance of 24o from Sun.
When Moon reaches 24o away from Sun , the 2nd
Tithi of the bright half is completed and from that very moment the
3rd
Tithi of the Bright Half begins
- The
3rd Tithi
of Bright half = time during whhich Moon is moving from being 24o
away from Sun to reaching the distance of 36o from Sun. When
Moon reaches 36o away from Sun , the 3rd
Tithi of the bright half is completed and from that very moment the
4th
Tithi of the Bright Half begins
...
and in this way we have 15 Tithis in the Bright half, at the end of
which Moon becomes 180o away from Sun and Full Moon occurs.
Similary,
we have 15 Tithis in the dark-half,
- 1st
Tithi of the dark half is when Moon is moving 12o closer to Sun
from the Full Moon position when he was the farthest. So during the
1st
Tithi of the dark half, the distance between the Sun and Moon
decreses from 180o to when Moon reaches 168o hehind Sun. 1st
Tithi is finished when Moon is exactly 168o behind Sun, and at that
very moment the 2nd
Tithi begins.
- 2nd
Tithi of the dark half is when Moon is moving further 12o closer
to Sun and therefore moving from being 168o behind to becoming 156o
behind the Sun. 2nd
Tithi is finished when Moon reaches exactly 156o behind Sun, and
at that very moment the 3rd
Tithi begins.
....
and in this way we have 15 Tithis in the Dark half, at the end of
which Moon and Sun become conjunct, there is no gap between them, and
New Moon occurs..
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